HomeResourcesNephrology ArticlesFluid and Electrolytes

Fluid and Electrolytes

Fluid and Electrolytes

Sodium (4)

Hypernatremia (1), Hyponatremia (3)

Potassium (5)

Hyperkalemia (2), Hypokalemia (1)

Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia: compilation of the guidelines.

Hoorn EJ, Zietse R
J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Feb 7
Sodium Hyponatremia Fluid and Electrolytes
Review Article

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An integrated view of potassium homeostasis

Ardalan M, Golzari SE
N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 29;373(18):1787
Potassium Fluid and Electrolytes
Review Article

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Acid–Base Problems in Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Kamel S. Kamel, M.D., and Mitchell L. Halperin, M.D
N Engl J Med 2015; 372:546-554February 5, 2015
Fluid and Electrolytes

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Disorders of Plasma Sodium — Causes, Consequences, and Correction

Richard H. Sterns, M.D.
N Engl J Med 2015; 372:55-65January 1, 2015
Fluid and Electrolytes

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Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate in hyperkalemia

Packham DK, Rasmussen HS, Lavin PT, El-Shahawy MA, Roger SD, Block G, Qunibi W, Pergola P, Singh B
N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan 15;372(3):222-31
Hyperkalemia Potassium Fluid and Electrolytes

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Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia

Hyponatraemia Guideline Development Group
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. (2014) doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfu040
Fluid and Electrolytes

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Differential diagnosis of nongap metabolic acidosis: value of a systematic approach

Kraut JA, Madias NE
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Apr;7(4):671-9
Fluid and Electrolytes

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Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study

Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Lee DS, Kopp A, Austin PC, Laupacis A, Redelmeier DA
N Engl J Med. 2004 Aug 5;351(6):543-51
Potassium Fluid and Electrolytes General Nephrology

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Hyponatremia

Adrogué HJ, Madias NE
N Engl J Med. 2000 May 25;342(21):1581-9
Fluid and Electrolytes
Review Article

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Hypernatremia

Adrogué HJ, Madias NE
N Engl J Med. 2000 May 18;342(20):1493-9
Hypernatremia Fluid and Electrolytes

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Hypokalemia

Gennari FJ
N Engl J Med. 1998 Aug 13;339(7):451-8
Fluid and Electrolytes
Review Article

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Hypokalemia

Gennari FJ
N Engl J Med 1998; 339:451-458
Hypokalemia Potassium Fluid and Electrolytes
Review Article

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Osmotic demyelination syndrome following correction of hyponatremia

N Engl J Med. 1986 Jun 12;314(24):1535-42
Sterns RH, Riggs JE, Schochet SS Jr
Hyponatremia Fluid and Electrolytes
Review Article

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Hyponatremia, convulsions, respiratory arrest, and permanent brain damage after elective surgery in healthy women

Arieff AI
N Engl J Med. 1986 Jun 12;314(24):1529-35
Hyponatremia Fluid and Electrolytes

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Patiromer in patients with kidney disease and hyperkalemia receiving RAAS inhibitors

Weir MR, Bakris GL, Bushinsky DA, Mayo MR, Garza D, Stasiv Y, Wittes J, Christ-Schmidt H, Berman L, Pitt B; OPAL-HK Investigators
N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan 15;372(3):211-21
Hyperkalemia Potassium Fluid and Electrolytes
Randomized Trial

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